Brain support components.The mechanisms mainly include the following:
1. Related nutrients participate in the components of brain neurons (such as cell membranes, proteins, and mitochondria)
- PS, Coffee Fruit, PQQ
2. Increase the density of neuronal connections (synapses)
- Magnesium threonate, PS, α- GPC
3. Increase brain blood flow, facilitate nutrient delivery, nourish and nourish brain cells
- Ginkgo biloba leaves, false purslane
4. Related nutrients are involved in the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine), which are signaling substances for communication between nerve cells
- α- GPC, Acetyl L-Carnitine, Huperzine A, Pseudopurslane, PS, DMAE
The commonly referred to phospholipids refer to fatty substances containing phosphorus elements, which are a mixture of various phospholipids, mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine (commonly known as phosphatidylcholine PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (commonly known as phosphatidylcholine PE), phosphatidylinositol (commonly known as phosphatidylcholine PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), etc.
The nerve cell membrane contains a large amount of PS, which plays an important role in the maintenance, repair, and function of nerve cells.
Image source:https://www.verywellmind.com/the-benefits-of-phosphatidylserine-89496（The Mental Health Benefits of Phosphatidylserine）
A patented ingredient called NeuroFactor (extracted from Coffee Arabica coffee fruit) contains unique polyphenols that have been clinically proven to significantly increase levels of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor).
BDNF is a protein that helps the brain produce new nerve cells, mainly expressed in the central nervous system, with the highest expression in the hippocampus associated with learning and memory. The importance of learning, memory, and higher-level thinking has been widely reported to play a crucial role in neuronal development, maintenance, repair, and prevention of neurodegeneration.
PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone)
As a mitochondrial optimizer, PQQ can promote the production of mitochondria in brain nerve cells, provide energy to the brain, and improve neural function, including cognition, learning, and memory.
Over time, the mitochondria of the nervous system and nerve cells in the brain will continue to degrade. In addition to damaging memory and attention, mitochondrial degeneration is also associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Through mitochondrial regeneration, PQQ can help prevent or even reverse this damage.
In vitro experiments have shown that low doses of PQQ can stimulate the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) by cultured neural cells in vitro, which is an important growth factor for neural cells located inside and outside the brain.
In terms of human body research, a study involving 41 elderly Japanese people [6] tested the impact of PQQ on mental function. Over a period of 12 weeks, the study subjects were divided into two groups, each taking 20 milligrams of PQQ or a placebo. Cognitive tests have shown that PQQ improves memory and attention, and brain scans have shown an increase in blood flow.
Another study tested workers under workplace stress, and found that supplementing them with 20 milligrams of PQQ daily for 8 weeks improved fatigue recovery, sleep quality (sleep onset and maintenance, as well as sleep duration), and other quality of life indicators (appetite, vitality, and mood).
Magnesium Threonate
Magtein ® Brain magnesium (L-magnesium threonate) [8] is an organic form of magnesium supplement developed by Professor Liu Guosong from the Tsinghua University Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences. Due to the higher magnesium ion content in cerebrospinal fluid compared to plasma, simply administering commonly used magnesium salts such as magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfide has little effect on increasing the magnesium ion content in the brain.
Oral supplementation of L-threoninate magnesium can significantly increase magnesium ions in the brain, increase the density of neuronal synapses, and thus improve learning ability, working memory, short-term and long-term memory [9].
A 15 year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of L-threonate magnesium supplements. 44 subjects aged 50-70 with mild age-related cognitive impairment received continuous supplementation of L-threonate magnesium for 12 weeks during the trial. The results showed that the overall cognitive ability of the L-magnesium threonate group was significantly better than that of the placebo group, and cognitive fluctuations were also reduced. Prove that L-magnesium threonate can help improve cognitive ability in the elderly and has the potential to treat cognitive impairment in the elderly.
Pseudopurslane
Pseudopurslane is a traditional Indian plant medicine that has been used for thousands of years and is referred to as medhya rasayana in the Ayurvedic language, meaning "a herb that can enhance brain alertness and intelligence". In Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to enhance memory, learning, and attention, and is also a popular herbal medicine that enhances brain power. Its main chemical components that promote memory are pseudopurslane saponins A and Bacosides A and B.
Pseudopurslane has multiple mechanisms of action , such as antioxidant neuroprotection, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, increase in cerebral blood flow, and reduction of amyloidosis β Proteins regulate neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine.
A meta-analysis included 9 randomized placebo-controlled clinical intervention trials with 437 subjects (dose: 300-450 mg/day), all with trial periods greater than 12 weeks, and the subjects did not receive any other drug intervention during the period of taking fake purslane.
The analysis of this study shows that fake purslane has the potential to improve cognitive abilities, especially in improving attention response speed.
Ginkgo biloba has been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb for over 5000 years in China. In 1991, scholars from Harvard University in the United States won the Nobel Prize for discovering the molecular structure of ginkgolide B.
Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in flavonoid glycosides and ginkgo terpene lactones. On the one hand, flavonoid glycosides can inhibit lipid accumulation and oxidation in blood vessels through antioxidant activity, thereby achieving the protection of cerebral vascular endothelial cells. On the other hand, ginkgolides have the ability to resist platelet activating factors, improve blood circulation, facilitate nutrition to reach the brain, and nourish brain cells.
L- α- Glycerol phosphatidylcholine (L- α- Glyceryl phosphocholine (GPC) can be converted into neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine (PC).
What is the function of acetylcholine? The function of the brain requires coordinated communication between brain cells (neurons or nerve cells). Neurons communicate through tiny intercellular gaps called synapses. The transmission of electrical pulses from one neuron to another requires a neurotransmitter (such as acetylcholine) to act as a messenger, transmitting the signal to adjacent neurons. When the electrical signal reaches the synaptic junction, neurons release a neurotransmitter to the synapse. The neurons on the other side of the synapse contain neurotransmitter receptors (neurotransmitters that bind to neurons), triggering a series of chemical reactions that send new electrical signals to the receiving neuron's cell membrane. Neurotransmitters work together like orchestras, transmitting information throughout the entire brain and nervous system.
Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC)
ALC is chemically similar to acetylcholine and can activate cholinergic brain neuron related receptors, while also providing acetyl groups to support the body's synthesis of acetylcholine. It can also support the synthesis of acetyl CoA, thereby promoting the production of ATP by brain cell mitochondria, supporting the level of energy required for brain activity, in short, it can empower brain cells.
In addition, ALC can support the metabolism of phospholipids in the membrane of brain nerve cells and the production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
Growth factor is a special protein synthesized by the body, which is crucial for tissue growth and repair. Nerve growth factor can prolong the survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In short, it can nourish neuronal cells.
Figure - available from: Neurochemical Research（https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-carnitine-shuttle-l-carnitine-and-acetyl-l-carnitine-enter-the-cells-from-blood-or_fig2_316993047）
L-Tyrosine
L-tyrosine is a precursor of various neurotransmitters, including GABA. Once its content is insufficient in the human body, it will inhibit nerve conduction, causing symptoms such as drowsiness, lack of concentration, lethargy, and mental laxity. In addition, tyrosine also plays a role in maintaining sharp thinking, memory, and alertness in the brain.
Huperzine A is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from the traditional Chinese herbal plant Huperzine serpentinum (also known as the Thousand Layer Tower). Clinically applied in the treatment of benign memory disorders and Alzheimer's disease (AD), Trade name "Shuangyiping". Compared with similar Alzheimer's disease treatment drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, huperzine A has many advantages such as long action time, easy penetration of the blood-brain barrier, high oral bioavailability, and can also protect neurons through antioxidant stress and anti cell apoptosis pathways, improving various experimental memory damage.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can hydrolyze the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is present at muscle nerve junctions and cholinergic synapses in the brain. Active AChE can hinder the transmission of neurotransmitters. High levels of active AChE are the main cause of worsening Alzheimer's disease.
Huperzine A has a highly selective inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, thereby reducing the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and enhancing choline function. In addition, it can also enhance the learning and memory abilities of AD patients by supplementing acetylcholine precursors, increasing acetylcholine synthesis, and stimulating cholinergic neurons, thereby improving cognitive and behavioral functions.
Xi'an Green Spring Technology Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer and supplier of natural sweeteners. We have been engaged in the production and sales of PS, Coffee Fruit,α- GPC, Acetyl L-Carnitine, Huperzine A, Pseudopurslane, PS, DMAE for more than 22 years. We produce high-quality natural sweeteners, including stevia extract, erythritol, aloketose, momordica grosvenorii extract, etc. At the same time, we can customize compound sweeteners according to your needs.